# Correctness of A/G Reasoning

## Correctness as Approximation of Relations

Specification provides a relation that is intended to approximate relation defining the meaning of procedure, that is, we would like to prove

Following Relational Semantics of Procedures, consider one procedure and its associated function

and its fixed point .

The idea of approach based on specifications is to prove that, if we assume that procedure calls satisfy the specification, then we can prove the specification for the procedure we are verifying. In other words, specifications provide a relation such that

We claim that where .

Proof:

## Expressing Approximation Using Assume and Assert

Consider a program with only one state variable .

We express our approximation as

So, we would like to show that

is implied by the condition we are checking:

## Shunting rules

Recall Assert and error conditions. We say that relation respects errors if for an error state we have for all states .

For relations , that respect errors, we have

Proofs: