Both dynamically allocated heap and stack expand

• heap need not be contiguous can request more memory from the OS if needed
• stack grows downwards

Heap is more general:

• can allocate, read/write, and deallocate in any order
• Garbage Collector does deallocation automatically

Stack is more efficient - allocation simple increment, decrement

Top of stack pointer (SP) is often a register

If stack grows towards smaller addresses:

• to allocate N bytes (push)

SP := SP - N

• to deallocate N bytes (pop)

SP := SP + N